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Mahabharata · Book 12 · Shanti Parva

Mahabharata, Book 12, Section CCIVशान्तिपर्व

Kisari Mohan Ganguli’s English prose (1883–96), beside the Sanskrit of adhyāya 12.204.

204Sanskrit adhyāya 12.204 · Sanskrit source · English source

Sanskrit

मनुरुवाच।
`तदेव सततं मन्ये न शक्यमनुवर्णितुम्।
यथा निदर्शनं वस्तु न शक्यमनुबोधितुम्।।
यथाहि सारं जानाति न कथंचन संस्थितम्।
परकायच्छविस्तद्वद्देहेऽयं चेतनस्तथा।।
विना कायं न सा च्छाया तां विना कायमस्त्युत।
तद्वदेव विना नास्ति प्रकृतेरिह वर्तनम्।।
इदं वै नास्ति नेदमस्ति परं विना।
जीवात्मना त्वसौ छिन्नस्त्वेष चैव परात्मना।।
तत्तवेति विदुः केचिदतथ्यमिति चापरे।
उभयं मे मतं विद्वन्मुक्तिहेतौ समाहितम्।।
विमुक्तैश्च मृगः सोऽपि दृश्यते संयतेन्द्रियः।
सर्वेषां न हि दृश्यो हि तटिद्वत्स्फुरति ह्यसौ।।
ब्राह्मणस्य समादृश्यो वर्तते सोऽपि किं पुनः।
विद्यते परमः शुद्धः साक्षिभूतो विभावसुः।।
श्रुतिरेषा ततो नित्या तस्मादेकः परो मतः।
न प्रयोजनमुद्दिश्य चेष्टा तस्य महात्मनः।।
तादृशोस्त्विति मन्तव्यस्तथा सत्यं महात्मना।
नानासंस्थेन भेदेन सदा गतिविभेदवत्।
तस्य भेदः समाख्यातो भेदो ह्यस्ति तथाविधः।।
एवं विद्वन्विजानीहि परमात्मानमव्ययम्।
तत्तद्गुणविशेषेण संज्ञानामनुसंयुतम्।।
सर्वेश्वरः सर्वमयः स च सर्वप्रवर्तकः।
सर्वात्मकः सर्वशक्तिः सर्वकारणकारणम्।।
सर्वसाधारणः सर्वैरुपास्यश्च महात्मभिः।
वासुदेवेति विख्यातस्तं विदित्वाऽश्नुतेऽमृतम्।।'
यदा ते प़ञ्चभिः पञ्च युक्तानि मनसा सह।
अथ तद्द्रक्ष्यते ब्रह्म मणौ सूत्रमिवार्पितम्।।
तदेव च यथा सूत्रं सुवर्णे वर्तते पुनः।
मुक्तास्वथ प्रवालेषु मृन्मये राजते तथा।।
तद्वद्गोऽश्वमनुष्येषु तद्वद्धस्तिमृगादिषु।
तद्वत्कीटपतङ्गेषु प्रसक्तात्मा स्वकर्मभिः।।
येनयेन शरीरेण यद्यत्कर्म करोत्ययम्।
तेनतेन शरीरेण तत्तत्फलमुपाश्नुते।।
यथा ह्येकरसा भूमिरोषध्यर्थानुसारिणी।
तथा कर्मानुगा बुद्धिरन्तरात्माऽनुदर्शिनी।।
ज्ञानपूर्वोद्भवा लिप्सा लिप्सापूर्वाभिसन्धिता।
अभिसन्धिपूर्वकं कर्म कर्ममूलं ततः फलम्।।
फलं कर्मत्मकं विद्यात्कर्म ज्ञेयात्मकं तथा।
ज्ञेयं ज्ञानात्मकं विद्याज्ज्ञानं सदसदात्मकम्।।
`तदेवमिष्यते ब्रह्म संख्यानाद्विनिभिद्यते।'
ज्ञानानां च फलानां च ज्ञेयानां कर्मणां तथा।
क्षयान्ते यत्फलं विद्याज्ज्ञानं ज्ञेयप्रतिष्ठितम्।।
महद्धि परमं भूतं युक्ताः पश्यन्ति योगिनः।
अबुधास्तं न पश्यन्ति ह्यात्मस्थं गुणबुद्धयः।।
पृथिवीरुपतो रूपमपामिह महत्तरम्।
अद्भ्यो महत्तरं तेजस्तेजसः पवनो महान्।।
पवनाच्च महद्व्योम तस्मात्परतरं मनः।
मनसो महती बुद्धिर्बुद्धेः कालो महान्स्मृतः।।
कालात्स भगवान्विष्णुर्यस्य सर्वमिदं जगत्।
नादिर्न मध्यं नैवान्तस्तस्य देवस्य विद्यते।।
अनादित्वादमध्यत्वादनन्तत्वाच्च सोऽव्ययः।
अत्येति सर्वदुःखानि दुःखं ह्यन्तवदुच्यते।।
तद्ब्रह्म परमं प्रोक्तं तद्धाम परमं पदम्।
तद्गत्वा कालविषयाद्विमुक्ता मोक्षमाश्रिताः।।
गुणेष्वेते प्रकाशन्ते निर्गुणत्वात्ततः परम्।
निवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मस्तथाऽऽनन्त्याय कल्पते।।
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि शरीराणि व्यपाश्रिताः।
जिह्वाग्रेषु प्रवर्तन्ते यत्नसाध्याविनाशिनः।।
न चैवमिष्यते ब्रह्म शरीराश्रयसंभवम्।
न यत्नसाध्यं तद्ब्रह्म नादिमध्यं न चान्तवन्।।
ऋचामादिस्तथा साम्नां यजुषामादिरुच्यते।
अन्तश्चादिमतां दृष्टो न त्वादिर्ब्रह्मणः स्मृतः।।
अनादित्वादनन्तत्वात्तदनन्तमथाव्ययम्।
अव्ययत्वाच्च निर्दुःखं द्वन्द्वाभावस्ततः परम्।।
अदृष्टतोऽनुपायाच्च प्रतिसन्धेश्च कर्मणः।
न तेन मर्त्याः पश्यन्ति येन गच्छान्त तत्पदम्।।
विषयेषु च संसर्गाच्छाश्वतस्य च संशयात्।
मनसा चान्यदाकाङ्क्षन्परं न प्रतिपद्यते।।
गुणान्यदिह पश्यन्ति तदिच्छन्त्यपरे जनाः।
परं नैवाभिकाङ्क्षन्ति निर्गुणत्वाद्गुणार्थिनः।।
गुणैर्यस्त्ववरैर्युक्तः कथं विद्याद्गुणानिमान्।
अनुमानाद्धि गन्तव्यं गुणैरवयवैः परम्।।
सूक्ष्मेण मनसा विद्मो वाचा वक्तुं न शक्नुमः।
मनो हि मनसा ग्राह्यं दर्शनेन च दर्शनम्।।
ज्ञानेन निर्मलीकृत्य बुद्धिं बुद्ध्या मनस्तथा।
मनसा चेन्द्रियग्राममक्षरं प्रतिपद्यते।।
बुद्धिप्रहीणो मनसा समृद्ध
स्तथाऽनिराशीर्गुणतामुपैति।
परं त्यजन्तीह विलोभ्यमाना
हुताशनं वायुरिवेन्धनस्थम्।।
गुणादाने विप्रयोगे च तेषां
मनः सदा विद्धि परावराभ्याम्।
अनेनैव विधिना संप्रवृत्तो
गुणादाने ब्रह्म शरीरमेति।।
अव्यक्तात्मा पुरुषोऽव्यक्तकर्मा
सोऽव्यक्तत्वं गच्छति ह्यन्तकाले।
तैरेवायं चेन्द्रियैर्वर्धमानै
र्ग्लायद्भिर्वा वर्ततेऽकामरूपः।।
सर्वैरयं चेन्द्रियैः संप्रयुक्तो
देहं प्राप्तः यञ्चभूताश्रयः स्यात्।
न सामर्थ्याद्गच्छति कर्मणेह
हीनस्तेन परमेणाव्ययेन।।
पृथ्व्या नरः पश्यति नान्तमस्या
ह्यन्तश्चास्या भविता चेति विद्धि।
परं न यातीह विलोभ्यमानो
यथा प्लवं वायुरिवार्णवस्थम्।।
दिवाकरो गुणमुपलभ्य निर्गुणो
यथा भवेदपगतरश्मिमण्डलः।
तथां ह्यसौ मुनिरिह निर्विशेषवान्
स निर्गुणं प्रविशति ब्रह्म चाव्ययम्।।
अनागतं सुकृतवतां परां गतिं
स्वयंभुवं प्रभवनिधानमव्ययम्।
सनातनं यदमृतमव्ययं ध्रुवं
निचाय्य तत्परममृतत्वमश्नुते।।
।। इति श्रीमन्महाभारते शान्तिपर्वणि
मोक्षधर्मपर्वणि चतुरधिकद्विशततमोऽध्यायः।। 204।।

English Ganguli

"'"Manu said, 'As in a dream this manifest (body) lies (inactive) and the enlivening spirit in its subtile form, detaching itself from the former, walks forth after the same manner, in the state called deep slumber (or death), the subtile form with all the senses becomes inactive and the Understanding, detached from it remains awake. The same is the case with Existence and Non-Existence.[683] As when quantity of water is clear, images reflected in it can be seen by the eye, after the same manner, if the senses be unperturbed, the Soul is capable of being viewed by the understanding. If, however, the quantity of water gets stirred, the person standing by it can no longer see those images. Similarly, if the senses become perturbed, the Soul can no longer be seen by the understanding. Ignorance begets Delusion. Delusion affects the mind. When the mind becomes vitiated, the five senses which have the mind for their refuge become vitiated also. Surcharged with Ignorance, and sunk in the mire of worldly objects, one cannot enjoy the sweets of contentment or tranquillity. The Soul (thus circumstanced), undetached from its good and evil acts, returns repeatedly unto the objects of the world, in consequence of sin one's thirst is never slaked. One's thirst is slaked only when one's sin is destroyed. In consequence of attachment to worldly objects, which has a tendency to perpetuate itself, one wishes for things other than those for which one should wish, and accordingly fails to attain to the Supreme.[684] From the destruction of all sinful deeds, knowledge arises in men. Upon the appearance of Knowledge, one beholds one's Soul in one's understanding even as one sees one's own reflection in a polished mirror. One obtains misery in consequence of one's senses being unrestrained. One obtains happiness in consequence of one's senses being restrained. Therefore, one should restrain one's mind by self-effort from objects apprehended by the senses.[685] Above the senses is the mind; above the mind is the understanding; above the understanding is the Soul; above the Soul is the Supreme or Great. From the Unmanifest hath sprung the Soul; from the Soul hath sprung the Understanding; from the Understanding hath sprung the Mind. When the Mind becomes associated with the senses, then it apprehends sound and the other objects of the senses. He who casts off those objects, as also all that are manifest, he who liberates himself from all things that arise from primordial matter, being so freed, enjoys immortality.[686] The Sun rising diffuses his rays. When he sets, he withdraws unto himself those very rays that were diffused by him. After the same manner, the Soul, entering the body, obtains the fivefold objects of the senses by diffusing over them his rays represented by the senses. When, however, he turns back, he is said to set by withdrawing those rays unto himself.[687] Repeatedly led along the path that is created by acts, he obtains the fruits of his acts in consequence of his having followed the practice of acts.[688] Desire for the objects of the senses keeps away from a person who does not indulge in such desire. The very principle of desire, however, leaves him who has beheld his soul, which, of course, is entirely free from desire.[689] When the Understanding, freed from attachment to the objects of the senses, becomes fixed in the mind, then does one succeed in attaining to Brahma, for it is there that the mind with the understanding withdrawn into it can possibly be extinguished. Brahma is not an object of touch, or of hearing, or of taste, or of sight, or of smell, or of any deductive inference from the Known. Only the Understanding (when withdrawn from everything else) can attain to it. All objects that the mind apprehends through the senses are capable of being withdrawn into the mind; the mind can be withdrawn into the understanding; the Understanding can be withdrawn into the Soul, and the Soul into the Supreme.[690] The senses cannot contribute to the success of the mind. The mind cannot apprehend the Understanding. The Understanding cannot apprehend the manifested Soul. The Soul, however, which is subtile, beholds those all.'"'"

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English: Kisari Mohan Ganguli, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated into English Prose from the Original Sanskrit Text (Calcutta: Bharata Press, 1883–1896), public domain. Transcription: Project Gutenberg #15474, #15475, #15476, #15477 (from the sacred-texts.com scan, J. B. Hare / Distributed Proofreaders). Sanskrit: Sanskrit Wikisource. The ancient text is public domain; Wikisource page text is shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.