How it was translated
Every text in this reader says where it comes from and who translated it. Public-domain translations are credited to their original translators. Only new work made for this site carries a RUEZALS credit. A Dhraconyx™ credit will appear only on text that the Dhraconyx Translator actually produces.
Credit labels
| Label | Means | Used on |
|---|---|---|
| Translated by RUEZALS | An original translation made for this site by RUEZALS (Ruezal Dhragoon) and his process. | Book of Giants (Qumran Aramaic fragments), English: read it. |
| Translated by Dhraconyx™ | Text produced by the Dhraconyx Translator (dhraconyx.world). | Not yet used. It will be switched on per text, through the translated_by field, only for content the Dhraconyx Translator produces. |
| Original translator named | A public-domain translation, credited to its translator. | Douay-Rheims (Challoner) for Genesis, Exodus and Leviticus, King James Version, R.H. Charles (1 Enoch, Jubilees) |
Sources, text by text
Gutenberg Bible (Rue's photographs): Latin
Source: Rue's photographs of a Gutenberg Bible (Mainz, c.1455; 972 pages; volume 1 Genesis–Psalms, volume 2 Proverbs–1 Maccabees, incomplete). The reading text is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain), changed to the Gutenberg spelling (e/ae, michi, nichil, hiis, ymago…). It was checked against the scans: leaf 5r word by word, and the start of every column. Where Rue's page differs from the Clementine, the page wins. Example: Gen 11:13 reads quadringentis tribus (403), not 303.
Not a diplomatic transcription: the abbreviations are expanded and the punctuation is modern. Leaf 25v is missing from the copy, so Gen 43:21–44:14 is supplied from the Vulgate and marked.
Prepared by: RUEZALS. Translated by: none. This is the original Latin.
Gutenberg Bible: literal English
Translator: the Douay-Rheims Bible (public domain, translated from the Latin Vulgate), Challoner revision (1749–52). It is a word-for-word English of the Latin Vulgate, so it is the closest English to what is printed on Rue's pages. It is adjusted only where Rue's page differs (Gen 11:13). Credit: the English translation belongs to the Douay-Rheims Bible (Challoner revision), not RUEZALS.
Exodus (leaves 29r–49r): the English is the Douay-Rheims Bible (public domain, translated from the Latin Vulgate), Challoner revision, credited the same way as Genesis. RUEZALS only set it to the leaves, cut it at the same words as the Latin columns and checked it verse by verse. The KJV comparison uses the 1769 text; Vulgate Exodus 40 has 36 verses where the KJV has 38.
King James Version
Translator: the KJV translators (1611), in the 1769 Oxford (Blayney) text, public domain. It was translated from the Hebrew Masoretic text, which is why it differs from the Latin.
English vs KJV breakdown and the seal notes
Method: every verse of the Vulgate is aligned to the KJV. Where the two number verses differently (Gen 5:31–32, 49:31–33, 50:22–26), a dynamic-programming aligner matches them. Each pair gets a category:
- Changed: the wording or meaning differs. Each is either a curated note or an automatic flag where similarity is below 0.45.
- Missing from KJV: the Vulgate has words that the KJV lacks. Example: Gen 4:8 Egrediamur foras.
- Added in KJV: the KJV has words that the Vulgate lacks.
- Numbering, Name, Minor and Same.
The notes behind Raziel's seal hold the cross-references to 1 Enoch and Jubilees (quoted from Charles 1917), the Egypt/Moses thread, and the KJV differences. RUEZALS reading notes are Rue's own theory. They are always labelled that way and are never presented as what the text says. Prepared by: RUEZALS.
The facing-page edition (page images)
The Latin is freshly typeset in Pirata One, a free blackletter (OFL). The English facing page uses the same layout. Borders, painted initials and rubrics come from Rue's scans: they are cleaned, upscaled 3× and set back in place. Where a chapter in English starts with a different letter, a real initial of that letter is taken from another page of the same Bible (for example, the blue N on leaf 26r). Prepared by: RUEZALS.
From leaf 6r onwards the pages are set by the same process run page by page: where a page of the original ends in the middle of a verse, the break is estimated from the amount of text the scan holds, so the first or last line can differ from the 1455 page by a few words. When an English initial letter is not found in the scans it is drawn in a similar uncial style, and a borrowed initial may be recoloured to match the original's red or blue. Leaf 25v is missing from the scans and leaf 29r (where Exodus begins) is left for a later pass.
1 Enoch read
English translator: R.H. Charles, The Book of Enoch (SPCK 1917), public domain. Transcription by J.B. Hare (sacred-texts.com), cross-checked against Project Gutenberg #77935. Ge'ez: the EOTC printed text from Beta maṣāḥǝft (Universität Hamburg), CC BY-SA 4.0.
Jubilees read
English translator: R.H. Charles, The Book of Jubilees (SPCK 1917), public domain. Transcription from sacred-texts.com, with attribution kept. Ge'ez: Beta maṣāḥǝft, EOTC text, CC BY-SA 4.0.
On this site: Charles's English is shown verse by verse with his section headings. The Ge'ez can be shown under each verse (switch “show Geʽez”); it is reproduced unchanged and aligned by chapter and verse, so a few verses have Ge'ez but no English or the reverse. Raziel's seal on a verse opens cross-links to Genesis 6 and the Book of Giants (and back). The cross-links are editorial pointers by RUEZALS, not part of either text.
Book of Giants read
Translated by RUEZALS. This is an original English translation of the Qumran Aramaic fragments (1Q23, 1Q24, 2Q26, 4Q203, 4Q530–533, 6Q8). It was made from the preserved letters in Martin G. Abegg Jr.'s transcription data, as published in the ETCBC dss dataset. The Aramaic is not displayed here, because that data is CC BY-NC. No images of the scrolls are shown. The RUEZALS interpretation layer is Rue's theory of how the fragments connect, and it is kept separate from the literal translation. On the site it is labelled “RUEZALS reading (Rue's theory)” and can be switched off.
References: Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library · ETCBC dss dataset (Abegg; Jacobs, Naaijer, Roorda et al.).
Gaps and confidence
[...]marks a gap: the text is lost, or only editors' reconstruction survives (omitted here).(?)marks an uncertain reading or meaning.◦marks a trace of a letter that cannot be identified (Book of Giants).- Gutenberg Latin: high confidence where checked word by word on the scans (leaf 5r and the column starts). Elsewhere it is the Clementine in Gutenberg spelling, and small spelling differences on the page are possible. The scans are about 72 dpi.
- Verse-to-page placement is checked at every column start. Within a page, verse positions are exact.
Licences and credits
- Douay-Rheims (Challoner), KJV, Clementine Vulgate, and R.H. Charles 1917: public domain.
- Ge'ez texts: Maṣḥafa Henok (1 Enoch) and Maṣḥafa Kufāle (Jubilees), EOTC printed edition as encoded by Beta maṣāḥǝft: Manuscripts of Ethiopia and Eritrea (Universität Hamburg), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Shown unchanged except for whitespace and verse alignment; that adapted Ge'ez text is shared under the same licence. Only the EOTC edition is used: the Dillmann (non-commercial) and VanderKam-based editions in the same files are not.
- Book of Giants Aramaic data: Abegg / ETCBC, CC BY-NC 4.0. Linked, not displayed.
- Fonts: Pirata One, EB Garamond and Noto Serif Ethiopic (subset; SIL Open Font License).
- Raziel's seal and the Raziel's Mercy™ star are Rue's own marks.
- The English translation of the Book of Giants, the notes, and the RUEZALS interpretation are © 2026 Ruezal Dhragoon / archangelraziel.com.
More of Rue's work: dhraconyx.world