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Mahabharata · Book 14 · Ashvamedhika Parva

Mahabharata, Book 14, Section XXXVIIआश्वमेधिकपर्व

Kisari Mohan Ganguli’s English prose (1883–96), beside the Sanskrit of adhyāya 14.37.

37Sanskrit adhyāya 14.37 · Sanskrit source · English source

Sanskrit

ब्रह्मोवाच।
तदव्यक्तमनुद्रिक्तं सर्वव्यापि ध्रुवं स्थिरम्।
नवद्वारं पुरं विद्यात्त्रिगुणं पञ्चधातुकम्।।
एकादशपरिक्षेपं मनोव्याकरणात्मकम्।
बुद्धिस्वामिकमित्येतत्परमेकादशं भवेत्।।
त्रीणि स्रोतांसि यान्यस्मिन्नाप्यायन्ते पुनःपुनः।
प्रनाड्यस्तिस्र एवैताः प्रवर्न्तते गुणात्मिकाः।।
तमो रजस्तथा सत्वं गुणानेतान्प्रचक्षते।
अन्योन्यमिथुनाः सर्वे तथाऽन्योन्यानुजीविनः।।
अन्योन्यापाश्रयाश्चापि तथाऽन्योन्यानुवर्तिनः।
अन्योन्यव्यतिषक्ताश्च त्रिगुणाः पञ्चधातवः।।
तमसो मिथुनं सत्वं सत्वस्य मिथुनं रजः।
रजसश्चापि सत्वं स्यात्सत्वस्य मिथुनं तमः।।
नियम्यते तमो यत्र रजस्तत्र निवर्तते।
नियम्यते रजो यत्र सत्वं तत्र प्रवर्तते।।
नैशात्मकं तमो विद्यात्त्रिगुणं मोहसंज्ञितम्।
अधर्मलक्षणं चैव नियतं पापकर्मसु।
तामसं रूपमेतत्तु दृश्यते चापि सङ्गतम्।।
प्रकृत्यात्मकमेवाहू रजः पर्यायकारकम्।
सत्त्वे तु सर्वभूतेषु दृश्यमुत्पत्तिलक्षणम्।।
प्रकाशं सर्वभूतेषु लाघवं श्रद्धधानता।
सात्विकं रूपमेवं तु लाघवं साधुसंमितम्।।
एतेषां गुणतत्त्वानि वक्ष्यन्ते तत्त्वहेतुभिः।
समासव्यासयुक्तानि तत्त्वतस्तानि बोधत।।
सम्मोहो ज्ञानमत्यागः कर्मणामविनिर्णयः।
स्वप्नः स्तंभो भयं लोभः शोकः सुकृतदूषणम्।।
अस्मृतिश्चाविपाकश्च नास्तिक्यं भिन्नवृत्तिता।
निर्विशेषत्वमन्धत्वं जघन्यगुणवृत्तिता।।
अकृते कृतमानित्वमज्ञाने ज्ञानमानिता।
अमैत्री विकृतो भावो ह्यश्रद्धा मूढभावना।।
अनार्जवमसंज्ञत्वं कर्म पापमचेतना।
गुरुत्वं सन्नभावत्वमवशित्वमवाग्गतिः।।
सर्व एते गुणा वृत्तास्तामसाः सम्प्रकीर्तिताः।
ये चान्ये विहिता भावा लोकेऽस्मिन्भावसंज्ञिताः।।
तत्रतत्र नियम्यन्ते सर्वे ते तामसा गुणाः।
परिवादकथा नित्यं मेवब्राह्मणवैरिता।।
अत्यागश्चातिमानश्च मोहो मन्युस्तथाऽक्षमा।
मत्सरश्चैव भूतेषु तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते।।
वृथारम्भा हि ये केचिद्वृथा दानानि यानि च।
वृथाभक्षणमित्येतत्तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते।।
अतिवादोऽतितिक्षा च मात्सर्यमभिमानिता।
अश्रद्दधानता चैव तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते।।
एवंविधाश्च ये केचिल्लोकेऽस्मिन्पापकर्मिणः।
मनुष्या भिन्नमर्यादास्ते सर्वे तामसाः स्मृताः।।
तेषां योनीः प्रवक्ष्यामि नियताः पापकर्मिणाम्।
अवाङ्निरयभावा ये तिर्यङ्निरयगामिनः।
स्थावराणि च भूतानि पशवो वाहनानि च।
क्रव्यादा दंदशूकाश्च कृमिकीटविहङ्गमाः।।
अब्जाता जन्तवश्चैव सर्वे चापि चतुष्पदाः।
उन्मत्ता बधिरा मूका ये चान्ये पापरोगिणः।।
मग्नास्तमसि दुर्वृत्ताः स्वकर्मकृतलक्षणाः।
अवाक्स्रोतस इत्येते मग्नास्तमसि तामसाः।।
तेषामुत्कर्षमुद्रेकं वक्ष्याम्यहमतः परम्।
यथा ते सुकृतां लोकाँल्लभन्ते पुण्यकर्मिणः।।
अन्यथा प्रतिपन्नास्तु विवृद्धा ये च कर्मसु।
स्वकर्मनिरतानां च ब्राह्मणानां शुभैषिणाम्।।
संस्कारेणोर्ध्वमायान्ति यतमानाः सलोकताम्।
स्वर्गे गच्छन्ति देवानामित्येषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः।।
अन्यथा प्रतिपन्नास्ते विबुद्धाः स्वेषु कर्मसु।
पुनरावृत्तिधर्माणस्ते भवन्तीह मानुषाः।।
पापयोनिं समापन्नाश्चण्डाला मूकचूचुकाः।।
वर्णान्पर्यायशश्चापि प्राप्नुवन्त्युत्तरोत्तरम्।।
शूद्रयोनिमतिक्रम्य ये चान्ये तामसा गुणाः।
स्रोतोमध्ये समागम्य वर्तन्ते तामसे गुणे।।
अभिष्वङ्गस्तु कामेषु महामोह इति स्मृतः।
ऋषयो मुनयो देवा मुह्यन्त्यत्र सुखेप्सवः।।
तमोमोहो महामोहस्तामिस्रो ह्यन्धसंज्ञितः।
मरणं त्वन्धतामिस्रस्तामिस्रः क्रोध उच्यते।।
वर्णतो गुणतश्चैव योनितश्चैव तत्त्वतः।
सर्वमेततमो विप्राः कीर्तितं वो यथाविधि।।
को न्वेतद्बुध्यते साधु को न्वेतत्साधु पश्यति।
अतत्त्वे तत्त्वदर्शी यस्तमसस्तच्च लक्षणम्।।
तमोगुणा बहुविधाः प्रकीर्तिता
यथावदुक्तं च तमः परावरम्।
नरो हि यो वेद गुणानिमान्सदा
स तामसैः सर्वगुणैः प्रमुच्यते।।
।। इति श्रीमन्महाभारते आश्वमेधिकपर्वणि
अनुगीतापर्वणि सप्तत्रिंशोऽध्यायः।। 37 ।।

English Ganguli

"'"'Brahma said, "Ye best of beings, I shall now declare to you accurately what (the quality of) Passion is. Ye highly blessed ones, do you understand what those qualities are that appertain to Passion. Injuring (others), beauty, toil, pleasure and pain, cold and heat, lordship (or power), war, peace, arguments, dissatisfaction, endurance,[107] might, valour, pride, wrath, exertion, quarrel (or collision), jealousy, desire, malice, battle, the sense of meum or mineness, protection (of others), slaughter, bonds, and affliction, buying and selling, lopping off, cutting, piercing and cutting off the coat of mail that another has worn,[108] fierceness, cruelty, vilifying, pointing out the faults of others, thoughts entirely devoted to worldly affairs, anxiety, animosity, reviling of others, false speech, false or vain gifts, hesitancy and doubt, boastfulness of speech, dispraise and praise, laudation, prowess, defiance, attendance (as on the sick and the weak), obedience (to the commands of preceptors and parents), service or ministrations, harbouring of thirst or desire, cleverness or dexterity of conduct, policy heedlessness, contumely, possessions, and diverse decorations that prevail in the world among men, women, animals, inanimate things, houses, grief, incredulousness, vows and regulations, actions with expectation (of good result), diverse acts of public charity, the rites in respect of Swaha salutations, rites of Swadha and Vashat, officiating at the sacrifices of others, imparting of instruction, performance of sacrifices, study, making of gifts, acceptance of gifts, rites of expiation, auspicious acts, the wish to have this and that, affection generated by the merits of the object for which or whom it is felt, treachery, deception, disrespect and respect, theft, killing, desire of concealment, vexation, wakefulness, ostentation, haughtiness, attachment, devotion, contentment, exultation, gambling, indulgence in scandal, all relations arising out of women, attachment to dancing, instrumental music and songs—all these qualities, ye learned Brahmanas, have been said to belong to Passion. Those men on Earth who meditate on the past, present, and the future, who are devoted to the aggregate of three, viz., Religion, Wealth, and Pleasure, who acting from impulse of desire, exult on attaining to affluence in respect of every desire, are said to be enveloped by Passion. These men have downward courses. Repeatedly reborn in this world, they give themselves up to pleasure. They covet what belongs to this world as also all those fruit, that belong to the world hereafter. They make gifts, accept gifts, offer oblations to the Pitris, and pour libations on the sacrificial fire. The qualities of Passion have (thus) been declared to you in their variety. The course of conduct also to which it leads has been properly described to you. The man who always understands these qualities, succeeds in always freeing himself from all of them which appertain to Passion."'"'"

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English: Kisari Mohan Ganguli, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated into English Prose from the Original Sanskrit Text (Calcutta: Bharata Press, 1883–1896), public domain. Transcription: Project Gutenberg #15474, #15475, #15476, #15477 (from the sacred-texts.com scan, J. B. Hare / Distributed Proofreaders). Sanskrit: Sanskrit Wikisource. The ancient text is public domain; Wikisource page text is shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.