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Mahabharata · Book 12 · Shanti Parva

Mahabharata, Book 12, Section CCXXशान्तिपर्व

Kisari Mohan Ganguli’s English prose (1883–96), beside the Sanskrit of adhyāya 12.220.

220Sanskrit adhyāya 12.220 · Sanskrit source · English source

Sanskrit

युधिष्ठिर उवाच।
केन वृत्तेन वृत्तज्ञो जनको मिथिलाधिपः।
जगाम मोक्षं धर्मज्ञो भोगानुत्सृज्य बुद्धिमान्।।
भीष्म उवाच।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्।
येन वृत्तेन धर्मज्ञः स जगाम महत्सुखम्।।
जनको जनदेवस्तु मिथिलायां जनाधिप।
और्ध्वदेहिकधर्माणामासीद्युक्तो विचिन्तने।।
तस्य स्म शतमाचार्या वसन्ति सततं गृहे।
दर्शयन्तः पृथग्धर्मान्नानापाषण्डवादिनः।।
स तेषां प्रेत्यभावेन प्रेत्य गातौ विनिश्चये।
आगमस्थः स भूयिष्ठमात्मतत्त्वेन तुष्यन्ति।।
तत्र पञ्चशिखो नाम कापिलेयो महामुनिः।
परिधावन्महीं कृत्स्नां जगाम यलामथ।।
सर्वसंन्यासधर्माणां तत्त्वज्ञाननिश्चये।
सुपर्यवसितार्थश्च निर्द्वन्द्वो नष्टगशयः।।
ऋषीणामाहुरेकं यं कामाद-----नृषु।
शाश्वतं सुखमत्यन्तमन्वि---सुदुर्लभम्।।
यमाहुः कपिलं साङ्ख्याः परमर्षि प्रजापतिम्।
समेत्य तेन रूपेण विस्मापयति हि स्वयम्।।
आसुरेः प्रथमं शिष्यं यमाहुश्चिरजीविनम्।
पञ्चस्रोतसि यः सत्रमास्ते वर्षसहस्रिकम्।।
तमासीनं समागम्य कापिलं मण्डलं महत्।
[पञ्चस्रोतसि निष्णातः पञ्चरात्रविशारदः।
पञ्चज्ञः पञ्चकृत्पञ्चगुणः पञ्चशिखः स्मृतः।]
पुरुषावस्थमव्यक्तं परमार्थं न्यवेदयत्।।
इष्ट्वा सत्रेण संपृष्टो भूयश्च तपसाऽऽसुरिः।
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्व्यक्तिं बुबुधे देवदर्शनात्।।
यत्तदेकाक्षरं ब्रह्म नानारूपं प्रदृश्यते।
`बोधायनपरान्विप्रानृषिभावमुपागतः।'
आसुरिर्मण्डले तस्मिन्प्रतिपेदे तदव्ययम्।।
तस्य पञ्चशिखः शिष्यो मानुष्याः पयसा भृतः।
ब्राह्मणी कपिला नाम काचिदासीत्कुटुम्बिनी।।
तस्याः पुत्रत्वमागम्य स्त्रियाः स पिबति स्तनौ।
ततः स कापिलेयत्वं लेभे बुद्धिं च नैष्ठिकीम्।।
एतन्मे भगवानाह कापिलेयस्य संभवम्।
तस्य तत्कापिलेयत्वं सर्ववित्त्वमनुत्तमम्।।
सामान्यं जनकं ज्ञात्वा धर्मज्ञानामनुत्तमम्।
उपेत्य शतमाचार्यान्मोहयामास हेतुभिः।।
`निराकरिष्णुस्तान्सर्वांस्तेषां हेतुगुणान्वहून्।
श्रावयामास मतिमान्मुनिः पञ्चशिखो नृप।।'
जनकस्त्वभिसंरक्तः कापिलेयानुदर्शनात्।
उत्सृज्य शतमाचार्यान्पृष्ठतोऽनुजगाम तम्।।
तस्मै परमकल्याय प्रणताय च धर्मतः।
अब्रवीत्परमं मोक्षं यतः साङ्ख्यं विधीयते।।
जातिनिर्वेदमुक्त्वा स कर्मनिर्वेदमब्रवीत्।
कर्मनिर्वेदमुक्त्वा च सर्वनिर्वेदमब्रवीत्।।
यदर्थं धर्मसंसर्गः कर्मणां च फलोदयः।
तमनाश्वासिकं मोहं विनाशि चलमध्रुवम्।।
दृश्यमाने विनाशे च प्रत्यक्षे लोकसाक्षिके।
आगमात्परमस्तीति ब्रुवन्नपि पराजितः।।
आत्मना ह्यात्मनो नित्यं क्लेशमृत्युजरामयम्।
आत्मानं मन्यते मोहात्तदसम्यक्परं मतम्।।
अथ चेदेवमप्यस्ति यल्लोके नोपपद्यते।
अजरोऽयममृत्युश्च राजाऽसौ मन्यते तथा।।
अस्ति नास्तीति चाप्येतत्तस्मिन्नसति लक्षणे।
किमधिष्ठाय तद्ब्रूयाल्लोकयात्राविनिश्चयम्।।
प्रत्यक्षं ह्येतयोर्मूलं कृतान्तैतिह्ययोरपि।
प्रत्यक्षेणागमो भिन्नः कृतान्तो वा न कश्चन।।
यत्रतत्रानुमानेऽस्मिन्कृतं भावयतोऽपि च।
नान्यो जीवः शरीरस्य नास्तिकानां मते स्मृतः।।
रेतो वटकणीकायां घृतपाकाधिवासनम्।
जातिः स्मृतिरयस्कान्तः सूर्यकान्तोऽम्बुभक्षणम्।।
प्रेत्य भूताप्ययश्चैव देवताभ्युपयाचनम्।
मृते कर्मनिवृत्तिश्च प्रमाणमिति निश्चयः।।
न त्वेते हेतवः सन्ति ये केचिन्मूर्तिसंस्थिताः।
अमूर्तस्य हि मूर्तेन सामान्यं नोपपद्यते।।
अविद्याकर्मचेष्टानां केचिदाहुः पुनर्भवे।
कारणं लोभमोहौ तु दोषाणां च निषेवणम्।।
अविद्यां क्षेत्रमाहुर्हि कर्मबीजं तथा कृतम्।
तृष्णासंजननं स्नेह एष तेषां पुनर्भवः।।
तस्मिन्मूढे च जग्धे च देहे मरणधर्मिणि।
अन्योऽसौ जायते प्रेतस्तदाहुस्तत्वमक्षयम्।।
यदा स्वरूपतश्चान्यो जातितः श्रुतितोऽर्थतः।
कथमस्मिन्स इत्येवं संबोधः स्यादसंहितः।।
एवं सति च का प्रीतिर्दानविद्यातपोबलैः।
यद्यदाचरितं कर्म सर्वमन्यत्प्रपद्यते।।
यदि ह्ययमिहैवान्यैः प्राकृतैर्दुःखितो भवेत्।
सुखितो दुःखितैर्वाऽपि दृश्यो ह्यस्यविनिर्णयः।।
यदा हि मुसलैर्हन्युः शरीरं न पुनर्भवेत्।
पृथग्ज्ञानं यदन्यच्च येनैतन्नोपपद्यते।।
ऋतुसंवत्सरौ तिथ्यः शीतोष्णेऽथ प्रियाप्रिये।
यथाऽतीता न दृश्यन्ते तादृशः सत्वसंक्षयः।।
जरयाऽभिपरीतस्य मृत्युना न विनाशिना।
दुर्बलं दुर्बलं पूर्वं गृहस्येव विनश्यति।।
इन्द्रियाणी मनो वायुः शोणितं मांसमस्थि च।
आनुपूर्व्या विनश्यन्ति स्वं धातुमुपयान्ति च।।
लोकयात्राविधानं च दानधर्मफलागमः।
तदर्थं वेदशब्दाश्च व्यवहाराश्च लौकिकाः।।
इति सम्यङ्भनस्येते बहवः सन्ति हेतवः।
एतदासीन्ममास्तीति न कश्चित्प्रतिपद्यते।।
तेषां विमृशतामेवं तत्तत्समभिधावताम्।
क्वचिन्निविशते बुद्धिस्तत्र जीर्यति वृक्षवत्।।
एवमर्थैरनर्थैश्च दुःखिताः सर्वजन्तवः।
आगमैरपकृष्यन्ते हस्तिपैर्हस्तिनो यथा।।
`न जातु कामः कामानामुपभोगेन शाम्यति।
हविषा कृष्णवर्त्मेव भूय एवाभिवर्धते।।'
अर्थांस्तथाऽत्यन्तमुखावहांश्च
लिप्सन्त एते बहवो विशुष्काः।
महत्तरं दुःखमनुप्रपन्ना
हित्वा सुखं मृत्युवशं प्रयान्ति।।
विनाशिनो ह्यध्नुवजीवितस्य
किं बन्धुभिर्मित्रपरिग्रहैश्च।
विहाय यो गच्छति सर्वमेव
क्षणेन गत्वा न निवर्तते च।।
भूव्योमतोयानलवायवोऽपि
सदा शरीरं प्रतिपालयन्ति।
इतीदमालक्ष्य रतिः कुतो भवे
द्विनाशिनो ह्यस्य न कर्म विद्यते।।
इदमनुपधिवाक्यमच्छलं
परमनिरामयमात्मसाक्षिकम्।
नरपतिरभिवीक्ष्य विस्मितः
पुनरनुयोक्तुमिदं प्रचक्रमे।।
।। इति श्रीमन्महाभारते शान्तिपर्वणि
मोक्षधर्मपर्वणि विंशत्यधिकद्विशततमोऽध्यायः।। 220।।

English Ganguli

"'Yudhishthira said, "By doing what does one acquire happiness, and what is that by doing which one meets with woe? What also is that, O Bharata, by doing which one becomes freed from fear and sojourns here crowned with success (in respect of the objects of life)?"

"'Bhishma said, "The ancients who had their understandings directed to the Srutis, highly applauded the duty of self-restraint for all the orders generally but for the Brahmanas in especial. Success in respect of religious rites never occurs in the case of one that is not self-restrained. Religious rites, penances, truth,—all these are established upon self-restraint. Self-restraint enhances one's energy. Self-restraint is said to be sacred. The man of self-restraint becomes sinless and fearless and wins great results. One that is self-restrained sleeps happily and wakes happily. He sojourns happily in the world and his mind always remains cheerful. Every kind of excitement is quietly controlled by self-restraint. One that is not self-restrained fails in a similar endeavour. The man of self-restraint beholds his innumerable foes (in the form of lust, desire, and wrath, etc.), as if these dwell in a separate body. Like tigers and other carnivorous beasts, persons destitute of self-restraint always inspire all creatures with dread. For controlling these men, the Self-born (Brahman) created kings. In all the (four) modes of life, the practice of self-restraint is distinguished above all other virtues. The fruits of self-restraint are much greater than those obtainable in all the modes of life. I shall now mention to thee the indications of those persons who prize self-restraint highly.[829] They are nobility, calmness of disposition, contentment, faith, forgiveness, invariable simplicity, the absence of garrulity, humility, reverence for superiors, benevolence, compassion for all creatures, frankness, abstention from talk upon kings and men in authority, from all false and useless discourses, and from applause and censure of others. The self-restrained man becomes desirous of emancipation and, quietly bearing present joys and griefs, is never exhilarated or depressed by prospective ones. Destitute of vindictiveness and all kinds of guile, and unmoved by praise and blame, such a man is well-behaved, has good manners, is pure of soul, has firmness or fortitude, and is a complete master of his passions. Receiving honours in this world, such a man in afterlife goes to heaven. Causing all creatures to acquire what they cannot acquire without his aid, such a man rejoices and becomes happy.[830] Devoted to universal benevolence, such a man never cherishes animosity for any one. Tranquil like the ocean at a dead calm, wisdom fills his soul and he is never cheerful. Possessed of intelligence, and deserving of universal reverence, the man of self-restraint never cherishes fear of any creature and is feared by no creature in return. That man who never rejoices even at large acquisitions and never feels sorrow when overtaken by calamity, is said to be possessed of contented wisdom. Such a man is said to be self-restrained. Indeed, such a man is said to be a regenerate being. Versed with the scriptures and endued with a pure soul, the man of self-restraint, accomplishing all those acts that are done by the good, enjoys their high fruits. They, however, that are of wicked soul never betake themselves to the path represented by benevolence, forgiveness, tranquillity, contentment, sweetness of speech, truth, liberality and comfort. Their path consists of lust and wrath and cupidity and envy of others and boastfulness. Subjugating lust and wrath, practising the vow of Brahmacharya and becoming a complete master of his senses, the Brahmana, exerting himself with endurance in the austerest of penances, and observing the most rigid restraints, should live in this world, calmly waiting for his time like one seeming to have a body though fully knowing that he is not subject to destruction."'"

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English: Kisari Mohan Ganguli, The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated into English Prose from the Original Sanskrit Text (Calcutta: Bharata Press, 1883–1896), public domain. Transcription: Project Gutenberg #15474, #15475, #15476, #15477 (from the sacred-texts.com scan, J. B. Hare / Distributed Proofreaders). Sanskrit: Sanskrit Wikisource. The ancient text is public domain; Wikisource page text is shared under CC BY-SA 4.0.